Net Present Value (NPV) is a financial metric used to evaluate the profitability of an investment or project by calculating the present value of expected cash inflows and outflows discounted at a specified rate of return (discount rate). A positive NPV indicates that the investment is expected to generate returns exceeding the required rate of return, while a negative NPV suggests that the investment may not be economically viable.

A Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is a non-profit organization that operates independently of government control and is dedicated to addressing social, environmental, humanitarian, or developmental issues. NGOs typically rely on donations, grants, and volunteers to fund and implement their programs and projects, advocating for positive change, raising awareness, and providing services to communities in need.

A Non-Compete Agreement is a contract in which one party agrees not to engage in activities or business practices that compete with another party for a specified period or within a defined geographic area. Non-compete agreements are commonly used in employment contracts, business acquisitions, and partnerships to protect trade secrets, customer relationships, and competitive advantages.

A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA), also known as a confidentiality agreement, is a legal contract between two or more parties that outlines the confidential information shared between them and prohibits its disclosure to third parties without authorization. NDAs are used to protect sensitive information, trade secrets, proprietary data, and intellectual property from unauthorized use or disclosure.

A non-tariff barrier (NTB) is a form of trade restriction or impediment to imports or exports that is not in the form of a tariff or customs duty. NTBs can include quotas, licensing requirements, technical standards, sanitary and phytosanitary regulations, and other non-tariff measures that affect international trade. NTBs are often used to protect domestic industries, ensure product safety, or address regulatory concerns.

A Nonprofit Organization (NPO) is a tax-exempt organization that operates for charitable, educational, religious, scientific, or social welfare purposes, rather than to generate profits for shareholders or owners. NPOs rely on donations, grants, and fundraising activities to support their mission and activities, serving the public interest and addressing societal needs.